57C417A
PLC采用循环扫描的工作方式,在PLC中用户程序按先后顺序存放,CPU从{dy}条指令开始执行程序,直到遇到结束符后又返回{dy}条,如此周而复始不断循环。PLC的扫描过程分为内部处理、通信操作、程序输入处理、程序执行、程序输出几个阶段。全过程扫描一次所需的时间称为扫描周期。当PLC处于停状态时,只进行内部处理和通信操作服务等内容。在PLC处于运行状态时,从内部处理、通信操作、程序输入、程序执行、程序输出,一直循环扫描工作。
1.输入处理
输入处理也叫输入采样。在此阶段,顺序读入所有输入端子的通端状态,并将读入的信息存入内存中所对应的映象寄存器。在此输入映象寄存器被刷新。接着进入程序执行阶段。在程序执行时,输入映象寄存器与外界隔离,即使输入信号发生变化,其映象寄存器的内容也不会发生变化,只有在下一个扫描周期的输入处理阶段才能被读入信息。
2.程序执行
根据PLC梯形图程序扫描原则,按先左后右先上后下的步序,逐句扫描,执行程序。遇到程序跳转指令,根据跳转条件是否满足来决定程序的跳转地址。从用户程序涉及到输入输出状态时,PLC从输入映象寄存器中读出上一阶段采入的对应输入端子状态,从输出映象寄存器读出对应映象寄存器,根据用户程序进行逻辑运算,存入有关器件寄存器中。对每个器件来说,器件映象寄存器中所寄存的内容,会随着程序执行过程而变化。
3.输出处理
程序执行完毕后,将输出映象寄存器,即器件映象寄存器中的Y寄存器的状态,在输出处理阶段转存到输出锁存器,通过隔离电路,驱动功率放大电路,使输出端子向外界输出控制信号,驱动外部负载。
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